Gateway to Freedom: The Hidden History of the Underground Railroad Read Online Free

34
         gradual emancipation in, 36
    Connoway, William, 191–92
    Constitution, U.S., 39, 224
         Fifteenth Amendment to, 225, 227
         fugitive slave clause of, 37–38, 57, 98, 109, 117, 219, 221
         slavery and, 1, 26, 37–38, 92, 116, 120, 121, 170, 214, 217, 202
    constitutional convention, 24, 37
    consumer activism, 185
    Continental Congress, 33
    Cooper, Henry, 161
    Cooper, Peter, 219
    Cooper, Rose, 138–39
    Cornish, Joseph (Daniel Johns), 202–3
    Cornish, Samuel, 53, 55, 59
         in N.Y. Vigilance Committee, 63, 74
         rift between Ruggles and, 75–76
    Corse, Barney, 58, 73, 94
    Cotton, John, 92
    cotton kingdom, 16
         New York City’s economic ties to, 8–9, 44–46, 78, 94, 129–30, 138
         slavery and, 50–51, 122
    Council of Revision, N.Y. state, 40
    Courier and Enquirer , 59
    Court for the Trial of Impeachments and the Correction of Errors, 71
    Court of Appeals, N.Y. state, 142
    Court of Special Sessions, N.Y.C., 52
    Craft, William and Ellen, 147–48
    Crafts, Hannah (Hannah Bond), 144
    Craig, Joshua, 210
    Crittenden, John J., 220
    Crockett, Davy, 47
    Cuba, 45
    Culver, Erastus D., 139, 140, 141, 169, 211
    Cummens, Mary, James, and Lucy, 207
    Darg, John P., 73
    Davis, John, 38–39
    De Bow, J. D. B., 45
    De Bow’s Review , 45
    “Declaration of the Immediate Causes” of Secession, 218–19
    Delaware, 21, 92, 210
         decline of slavery in, 16, 156, 195
         fugitives originating in, 10, 16, 150, 160, 194–95, 198, 221
         secession issue in, 218
         underground railroad operations in, 154–56, 158–59, 201 , 202, 203
    Democratic party, 52, 119, 125, 129, 142, 173, 189, 219
    Depree, Nathaniel, 162
    Detroit, Mich., 145
         underground railroad in, 137, 212
    Devens, Charles, 148
    Dickens, Charles, 47
    Dixon, William (Jake), 2, 70–71, 74
    dogs, fugitives hunted by, 84, 209
    Dorchester County, Md., 191
    Douglas, Stephen A., 121
    Douglass, Frederick, 16, 144, 229
         in abolitionist movement, 19–20, 27, 92, 101, 227
         autobiographies and memoirs of, 5–6, 9, 182
         as fugitive, 1–6, 7, 16, 17, 18, 24, 27, 71, 72, 124, 202, 206
         fugitives aided by, 19–20, 27, 181–82
         on Lincoln, 221
         militancy of, 145
         in rift with S. H. Gay, 181–82
         on Tubman, 190–91
    Dover, Del., 156
    draft riots, N.Y.C. (1863), 228
    drapetomania, 5
    Dred Scott decision, 39, 142, 163, 220
    Dresser, Horace, 69–70, 72, 76, 114
    Duane, James, 41
    Duck Creek, Del., 198
    Dundee, Scotland, Ladies’ Society of, 174
    Dunkirk, N.Y., 139
    Dunmore, Earl of, 32–33, 34
    Dutch, slavery and, 28, 43
    Easton, Md., 209
    Edenton, N.C., 102, 196
    Edinburgh, 186
    Edmonds, John W., 112–15
    Edmondson, Emily, 116–17
    Edmondson, Mary, 116–17
    Edward, Mark, 31
    effective committee, 65
    Eglin, Harriet, 207
    elections:
         of 1844, 97
         of 1856, 181
         of 1860, 9, 218
    Emancipation Proclamation, 33, 224, 226
         first, 33–34
    Emancipator , 56, 60, 62, 67, 76, 77, 81, 95
    Emma (slave), 138–39
    escapes:
         in boxes, 103–5, 113, 163
         daring and dramatic, 49, 102–5, 116–17, 167–68
         on foot, 3, 17, 31, 84, 135, 156, 161, 169, 194, 202, 204, 205, 207–9
         group, 23, 98, 116–17, 123, 134, 156, 164–65, 194, 200, 205–6
         by ship, 1, 17, 23, 31, 47, 49, 66, 73, 84, 99, 103, 105, 106, 112, 116, 131, 134, 148, 149, 152–54, 156, 158, 165, 190, 194, 200, 202, 205–6, 208, 209, 211, 221, 225
         by train, 1–2, 17, 103, 150, 156, 160, 173, 178, 194, 202, 206–8, 210
          see also specific fugitives
    Estlin, John B., 187
    Ethiopian Regiment, 33–34
    Etobicoke, Canada, 200
    evangelicism, 54, 55–56, 80, 85
    Evansville, Ind., 214
    Exodus of 1879, 227
    extraterritoriality, 38–39
    Falmouth, Mass., 86
    families:
         effect of Fugitive Slave Law (1850) on, 135
         escapes