Gateway to Freedom: The Hidden History of the Underground Railroad Read Online Free Page A

motivated by ties to, 200–5
         failed reunion attempts in, 205
         fugitives’ attempts to reunite with, 5, 163, 167, 173, 190, 192, 200–2
         left behind by fugitives, 3, 152
         separated by slavery, 32, 103, 120, 138–39, 168, 190, 192–93, 198–99
    Faneuil Hall, 105
    Fauquier County, Va., 198
    Fields, Lena, 212
    Fifteenth Amendment, 225, 227
    Fifty-Fourth Massachusetts Infantry, 147, 227
    Fillmore, Millard, 116, 124, 126, 146
    Finney, Charles Grandison, 56
    First Colored (later Shiloh) Presbyterian Church, 53, 86
    Fish, Hamilton, 219–20
    Five Points neighborhood, 47, 49, 51, 53
    Florida, 196
         fugitives originating in, 50
    Forten, James, 101
    Fortress Monroe, Va., 223
    Fort Sumter, firing on, 221
    Foster, Emily, 203–4
    Fountain, Albert, 153–54, 165, 200, 202, 209, 225
    France, 184
    Franklin, John Hope, 14
    Frederick County, Md., 114
    Frederick Douglass’ Paper , 22, 180
    free blacks:
         in Baltimore, 16–17
         colonization rejected by, 53–54
         effect of Fugitive Slave Law (1850) on, 136
         elite, 48–49, 61
         equal rights sought for, 20
         fugitives aided by, 1, 13, 18–19, 43, 46, 47–49, 155, 158, 159, 160, 172, 190, 191, 193
         kidnapping of, 2, 42, 50–51, 60, 74, 90, 108, 125
         marriage between slaves and, 138–39, 165, 168, 190, 202
         in Maryland, 16–17, 133
         in New York City, 9, 43, 46–48, 166
         restrictions on, 40, 46–47, 76, 86, 177
         sold and held as slaves, 103, 156, 217, 221
         in South, 16
    Freedmen’s Bureau, 224
    freedom principle, 20, 38, 78, 111, 139–44
    Freedom’s Journal , 46, 49–51, 53, 61
    Freeman, Amos N., 168
    free papers, 2, 87, 127
    Free Soil party, 145
    free-soil sentiment, 116
    free states:
         federal slavery law imposed on, 8, 18
    free states ( continue d )
         slaves automatically considered free in, 20, 44, 64, 67, 78, 111, 115, 139–44, 212
         in territorial expansion debate, 119–20
    Frémont, John C., 181
    Freud, Sigmund, 82
    Friend of Man , 26
    “friends of Belt,” 115
    Fugitive Aid Society, 180, 193
    fugitive slaves:
         in abolitionist movement, 23–26
         apprehension and rendition of, 9, 18
         armed, 204, 208–9
         average age of, 195
         in colonial period, 30–32
         communication network for, 205
         dangers for, 49, 71, 107, 161–64, 168–70, 172, 180, 209
         daring and dramatic escapes of, 49, 102–5, 107, 116–17, 167–68
         debate over direct funding for, 186–89
         escape methods employed by, 206–10
         estimated numbers of, 4–5, 10, 66, 83, 90, 99, 123, 147, 150, 155, 158, 166, 178, 179, 194, 211, 212–13, 215, 221–22, 225, 238, 262
         evolving sympathy for, 146
         freedom principle not applicable to, 144
         freedom purchased for, 61, 111, 117, 122, 127, 129, 132–35, 145, 149, 167, 169
         gender of, 195, 208
         group escapes of, 23, 98, 116–17, 123, 134, 156, 164–65, 194, 200, 205–6
         identification of, 69–72, 136
         imposters posing as, 106, 174
         individual and independent assistence to, 1–2, 18–20, 26, 56, 84, 102, 158, 160–62, 173, 222, 230
         international, 107–8
         legal obligation to return, 69
         legal representation for, 2, 67–71, 90, 107–18, 133, 137–38, 140, 220
         long periods of concealment for, 209, 210
         monetary compensation for aiding, 154, 158, 172, 176, 179, 206
         motivation for, 5, 22, 197–99, 200
         narratives and accounts of, 24, 26, 83–84, 102–104, 135, 152, 163, see also Record of Fugitives
         obstacles and hardships of, 3, 5–6, 84, 102, 103, 193, 197, 204, 207, 208, 209
         occupations of, 195–96
         organized assistance for, 64–65, 77
         political and legal