Gateway to Freedom: The Hidden History of the Underground Railroad Read Online Free Page B

bias agaisnt, 137–38
         profile of, 5, 194–97
         proliferation of, 116–17, 123, 212–15, 221–24
         record of, see Record of Fugitives
         return journey to South by, 190–91, 203–4
         rewards for return of, 3, 16, 155, 164, 192, 193, 199, 207
         rights denied to, 24
         risks of assisting, 21, 73, 105, 125, 153–56, 191–92, 206
         site map of origins of, 201
         slaves’ own initiative as, 13, 18
         unsuccessful escape attempts by, 105, 116–17
         violence in rescues of, 145–46
         within the slave states, 14
          see also specific individuals
    Fugitive Slave Act (1793), 39, 42, 51, 52, 108, 109, 117
         corrupt legal enforcement of, 52, 60–61, 67–70, 72
    Fugitive Slave Act (1850), 9, 10, 18, 24, 25–26, 39, 98, 106, 146, 147, 149, 164, 214
         during Civil War, 222
         and crisis of black community, 119–50
         debate over, 119–24
         enforced in New York City, 213, 219–20
         freedom principle and, 139–40
         implementation of, 126
         legacy of, 224–25
         passage of, 125, 166
         political debate over, 216–20
         provisions of, 125
         repeal of, 224
         severity of, 124–25
         underground railroad reinvigorated and radicalized by, 145–50
         as unenforceable, 130
    fugitive slave clause, 37–38, 57, 98, 109, 117, 219, 221
    fundraising, for underground railroad, 9, 183–85
    Gara, Larry, 13–14
    Gardiner, Alexander, 126–27
    Garnet, Henry Highland, 24, 42, 168, 186
    Garrett, Rachel, 159
    Garrett, Thomas, 155–59, 161, 177, 191–93, 207, 225
    Garrison, William Lloyd, 58, 62, 85, 92, 93, 95, 97, 155, 229
         as abolitionist, 24, 56, 90, 149
         in conflict with new abolitionist movement, 74–75, 80–82, 92–93, 96, 99, 100, 181, 186
    Garrisonians, 80–82, 85, 88, 89, 90, 92, 95–102, 105, 112, 114, 124, 146, 182, 186–88
    Garrison Literary and Benevolent Society, 61–62
    Gault, Dick, 205
    Gault, Johny, 205
    Gault, Phillis, 199, 205
    Gay, Ebenezer, 92
    Gay, Elizabeth Neall, 92–93, 101, 174, 188
    Gay, Martin, 92
    Gay, Sydney Howard:
         AASS headed by, 171, 172–76
         abolitionist stance of, 8, 92–98, 130, 131, 182, 229
         accounts of fugitives recorded by, see Record of Fugitives
         as agent of underground railroad, 9–10, 90, 98–108, 115–16, 142, 143, 156, 158, 162, 164, 175, 177, 179, 181, 189, 191–92, 204, 205, 207, 209, 210, 229, 230, 238, 262
         clandestine activity of, 171
         during and after Civil War, 228–30
         financial burden of, 174–75, 187
         friction between Still and, 175–76
         heritage of, 92
         marriage of, 92–93, 101
         meticulous record-keeping by, 193–94, 210
         N.Y. State Vigilance Committee’s rivalry with, 183–85, 187
         in rift with Douglass, 182
         as Standard editor, 96–97, 159, 174–75, 210, 222, 228
         at Tribune , 210
         on Tubman’s exploits, 191–94, 203
         use of legal system by, 108–9, 112–14
         writing career of, 228–29
    Gentlemen’s Vigilance Committee of New York, 168
    George III, king of England, 34
    Georgia, 21, 34, 119, 122, 132, 220
         fugitives originating in, 78, 112, 147, 148, 195
    Georgia Platform, 125
    Germans, 136
    “ghettos,” rise in New York City of, 47
    Gibbons, Abigail Hopper, 57–58, 93–94, 99, 100, 101, 172, 174, 188, 229–30
         during and after Civil War, 227–28
    Gibbons, James S., 57–58, 73, 76, 81, 93, 94, 95, 97, 101, 172, 228, 229–30
    Gibbons, Marianna, 12
    Gibbs, Jacob R., 87–88, 128, 139, 165, 175–76, 182
    Gibson, Abraham, 136
    Giles, Charlotte, 207
    Gill, Rebecca, 142
    Glasgow, 186, 197
    Glasgow Female Anti-Slavery Society, 186
    Glasgow New Association for the Abolition of Slavery, 186
    Gordon,